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Article by hi joiney

description: a tax incentive policy, purpose and significance of conservation are areas of market failure, to overcome numerous obstacles, to be led by the government to give appropriate economic incentives. industrial sector , in all aspects of product life cycle, and all actors (governments, companies, consumers, banks, etc.) barriers. the purpose of fiscal incentives is g a tax incentive policy, the purpose and significance is a market failure in the field, to overcome numerous obstacles, to be led by the government to give appropriate economic incentives. industrial sector , in all aspects of product life cycle, and all actors (governments, companies, consumers, banks, etc.) barriers. the purpose of tax incentives is to overcome these obstacles. (1) companies typically unwilling or unable to high input, high-risk investment in study projects. as a result, the government finances have invested in this area. (2) saving industrial enterprises in several instances is highly fragmented secondary investment activities. the existing capital market mechanisms tend to invest in development. states are so. and the uncertainty of prices, increased efficiency investment risk company. therefore, there should be an suitable fiscal policy incentives. such as tax relief, preferential loans and guarantees. (3) several enterprises, specially smes, costs account for the small proportion of product price, or higher costs to recover by way of price increases. this makes the lack of -efficient enterprise initiative demands effective incentives. (4) new -saving goods to marketplace early, small-volume, high cost. by means of tax incentives, user subsidies, government procurement and other measures to promote its advertising. (5) low-income families unable to invest in conservation. require to provide subsidies. (6) efficiency is typically not the end customers in -consuming equipment and appliances the primary factor to contemplate. want to take consumer subsidies and other incentives. (7) organization and consumer access to reliable info, high transaction costs. government to provide info services. (8) industrial products successfully entered the international marketplace, trade barriers, to adopt the international standards. formulate, implement efficiency standards to give financial support and economic incentives. (9) enterprise damage to the environment and other external costs need to be internalized. the imposition of taxes and environmental taxes to reduce consumption and carbon dioxide emissions and damage to public health. 2 classification and function of fiscal incentives fiscal policies to promote conservation, according to their function can be divided into two categories: very first, decrease the cost of the investment policy to promote conservation, and second, to improve the cost of saving investment incentive policies. 2.1 reduce the investment tax policies financial provision has been included in 28 countries to -saving public spending budget. financial provision for: the national technology research and development and demonstration projects, organization loan interest subsidy and guarantee conservation, subsidies to low-income families, study and formulate policies and regulations, organization audits, efficiency standards for identity development and implementation, information services, -saving publicity education, government agencies and saving. tax relief on the compliance requirements of -saving technologies and equipment, income tax relief, 23 countries have implemented; particular -saving equipment, accelerated depreciation; on the intended target of the enterprise or business -saving tax breaks. loan offers low-interest loans for conservation projects or subsidized loans, have been implemented in 21 countries; on project loan guarantees. 2.2 the improve in costs and taxation policy specific fuel and electricity and distinct user tax and environmental taxes, improve costs for -saving investment, a tax reduction of consumption, decrease emissions of carbon dioxide and atmospheric pollutants. europe, 12 countries have environmental taxes, usually carbon tax (carbon tax), the united kingdom called the climate change levy, germany called eco-tax. taxes and environmental tax is a neutral tax, that is, the collection of such taxes while decreasing income tax, to decrease the negative impact on enterprise. management of taxes and environmental taxes and high price might be low-income and the competitiveness of specific industries adversely affected, there are still controversial. 3, the implementation of tax incentives 3.1 combined with new -saving mechanism fiscal and taxation policies to promote efficiency and conservation are generally implemented new mechanisms. implementation of -saving tax incentives is a required condition for the new mechanism and components. the new -saving mechanisms, which includes: demand side management, service firms, conservation voluntary agreements, industrial efficiency network, efficiency standards and labeling, government procurement. three.2 funds community fund community fund is not fully rely on market competition in the areas of public services, safeguard public interests of a fund is a new -saving incentives. public funds employed to finance efficiency and renewable technologies research and development, projects and low-income families. funds are generally raised by a surcharge on electricity. in the united states, 25 states have set up welfare funds, the average electricity surcharge 1.1mills/kwh (1mill = .001 u.s. dollars). public funds by the state government or non-profit organization management. saving funds is usually the government fund the establishment of a revolving fund, is a lengthy-term, stable funding channels for conservation. the thai government established the conservation fund in 1992, now has reached 50 billion, is one of the world’s largest funds. funds mainly from oil revenue, the present annual funding 60 million ~ 80 million u.s. dollars. the fund for the thai government’s demand-side management programs. fund, conservation and alternative development by the department of management. innovation fund innovation fund shares through investment in services, businesses, utilizing guarantee funds, revolving funds and venture funds to provide conservation loans and loan guarantees. , 29 countries have set up innovation fund. three.3 the management of tax incentive policies and measures tax incentives related to conservation by government agencies and organizations to manage according to the law. in japan, business investment tax relief for -saving equipment by the office of resources and , meti will appreciate tax incentives proposed by the target device list, begin with the preparation of saving equipment manufacturers to prove that the equipment meets the conditions of the certificate of tax incentives to submit trade associations; industry association review submitted to conservation center, conservation center summary report after the resources department for approval; if in doubt, resources and energy agency and the relevant department or bureau and the ministry of economy ministry of internal affairs, ministry of health, labour, land transport, environment ministry and other departments in consultation; approval back to trade associations, and then send the user; user certificate with the tax authorities tax return.

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